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Background and Objectives: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are major risk factors of end –stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among haemodialysis patients at Elobeid haemodialysis unit.Patients and Methods:The study was a single –centre cross -sectional study including 130 patients on chronic haemodialysis in Elobeid hospital haemodialysis unit. Each patient was personally interviewed by the co-author in the haemodialysisunit using a structured questionnaire prepared by the investigators. Data collected include: socioeconomic data (gender, age, residence, and occupation), history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, treatment of hypertension, treatment of diabetes mellitus, duration of hypertension, duration of diabetes mellitus and duration of dialysis. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 or the use of antihypertensive medications. Diabetes mellitus is defined by use of insulin therapy. In this study bothhypertension and diabetes Short ResearchArticle mellitus were already diagnosed and on regular medications. Statistic package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis.Results:One hundred and thirty patients were recruited. More than two thirds of patients were males with male to female ratio of 2.2: 1. Patient’s age ranged from 12 years to 90 years. The mean age was 46.3 ± 17.8 years. Forty (32%) patients were above 56 years of age. Ninety eight (75%) patients were hypertensive, the majority of hypertensive patients were males (90%). Eighty six hypertensive patients were on calcium channel blocker (88%). Amlodipine was the commonly used antihypertensive used. Twenty five (19%) patients were diabetics and all of them were males. All diabetic patients were also hypertensive. Fourteen diabetic patients (56%) were on insulin therapy, while 11 patients were using metformin. Conclusion:The prevalence of hypertension among haemodialysis patients was high while the prevalence of diabetes is less than that reported globally. The blood pressure should be tidily controlled specially in diabetic patients and patients with impaired renal function. For early detection of chronic kidney disease and elevated blood pressure as a sequel, routine blood pressure measurement is highly recommended in adult patients attend the clinic for any reason
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Objective: To assess the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reduction of blood loss and pervention of postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivary
Methods: This is a multicentric prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. 200 pregnant women were randomized to receive either 60 mg/kg of tranexamic acid [TA] [n=100] or placebo [n=100] intravenously in the second stage of labour. Postpartum blood loss was collected and measured accurately from placental delivery to 2 hours postpartum and adverse effects of were observed
Results: The mean estimated postpartum blood loss was significantly lower in women treated with tranexamic acid compared to women in the placebo group [442.50 +/- 128.55 versus 555.75 +/- 191.88, respectively; p < 0.001], and the proportion of women in the tranexamic acid group who had an estimated blood loss >/= 500 mL was significantly lower than in the placebo group[3 [3 %] versus 9 [9%],relative risk [RR]=0.30; 97% confidence interval [CI] 0.11 to 0.78;P<0.05]. Maternal and neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly between both groups
Conclusion: The addition of tranexamic acid to the active management of third stage of labor after normal vaginal delivery is effective as a prophylaxis against post-partum hemorrhage. It can significantly reduce blood loss during and after delivery
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MgO nanoparticles have been recently discovered as an antibacterial, however, they limited by property degradation due to agglomeration. The addition of a coating agent, such as a zein polymer, is effective in preventing agglomeration without affecting nanosized properties. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial property of MgO nanoparticles when coated with a zein polymer against several oral bacteria and fungi. This was done by utilizing various assessment techniques. The ultimate aim is to use these nanoparticles in dental preparations. The antimicrobial activity of zein-coated MgO nanoparticles at different concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2% were tested against four different microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis [gram positive bacteria], and Candida albicans [as oral fungus]. Two different techniques were utilized: the Kirby-Bauer test, and a modified direct contact test. The results indicated that the antibacterial effect of 1% or 2% zein-coated MgO nanowires were statistically significant [p<0.05] against the four organisms studied: S. mutans, S. aureus, E. faecalis and C. albicans. Zein-coated MgO nanoparticles are a new human friendly and potent antimicrobial agent that can be incorporated in the formulation of a variety of new dental materials and products that should provide improvements in dental care and oral health
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The present study was carried on forty [40] diagnosed ALL [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia], CML [Chronic myeloid leukemia], AML [Acute myeloid leukemia] patients who attended Oncology Centre, Mansoura University. Their ages ranged from 3 to 77 years. They were 27 males and 13 female. Patients were followed up throughout the period of the study. All patients were subjected to the following: Detailed history, clinical examination and Laboratory investigations
Results: CD04 expression was not associated with any of the studied demographic, clinical or laboratory variables. No statistically significant associations were elicited between CD 04 expression and any of the studied prognostic factors of patients. However, a significant positive association was detected between patients who responded to chemotherapy and positive CD04L
Conclusion: CD04L is an independent prognostic factor for relapse free survival, and also an independent prognostic factor for the prediction of good response to chemotherapy, since CD04L positive patients are more liable to achieve complete remission, while CD 04 negative ones are more susceptible to death chemotherapeutic resistance
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Antimicrobial resistance is a subject of great concern in public health and also in the designing of strategies for current therapeutic protocols all over the world. Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances which can be used to treat various infectious diseases. Hence, antibacterial activities of aqueous extracts of 10 plant species were studied against 25 multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates using the agar well diffusion method. The most resistant organisms were Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumanii) (resistant to 16 different antibiotics), Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) (resistant to 15 different antibiotics), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (resistant to 15 antibiotics), Gemella morbillorum (G. morbillorum) (resistant to 14 different antibiotics), Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) (resistant to 13 different antibiotics) respectively. Among the tested plant extracts, only extracts of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Foeniculum vulgare, Matricaria chmomilla, Salvia offcinalis and Thymus Vulgaris showed strong antibacterial activity against MDR isolates with inhibition zones ranging from 8.33 to 26 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the most active plant extracts; Allium cepa and Foeniculum vulgare were ranged from 0.062 to 0.25 mg/ml and 0.031 to 0.125 mg/ml, respectively. Foeniculum vulgare extract was bactericidal for all bacteria while Allium cepa extract was bacteriostatic. Hence, the discovered compounds from these plants can use as templates for the development of new antibacterial agents.
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Antimicrobial resistance is a subject of great concern in public health and also in the designing of strategies for current therapeutic protocols all over the world. Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances which can be used to treat various infectious diseases. Hence, antibacterial activities of aqueous extracts of 10 plant species were studied against 25 multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates using the agar well diffusion method. The most resistant organisms were Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumanii) (resistant to 16 different antibiotics), Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) (resistant to 15 different antibiotics), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (resistant to 15 antibiotics), Gemella morbillorum (G. morbillorum) (resistant to 14 different antibiotics), Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) (resistant to 13 different antibiotics) respectively. Among the tested plant extracts, only extracts of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Foeniculum vulgare, Matricaria chmomilla, Salvia offcinalis and Thymus Vulgaris showed strong antibacterial activity against MDR isolates with inhibition zones ranging from 8.33 to 26 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the most active plant extracts; Allium cepa and Foeniculum vulgare were ranged from 0.062 to 0.25 mg/ml and 0.031 to 0.125 mg/ml, respectively. Foeniculum vulgare extract was bactericidal for all bacteria while Allium cepa extract was bacteriostatic. Hence, the discovered compounds from these plants can use as templates for the development of new antibacterial agents.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen, commonly causing infections in immunocompromised patients.This study devoted to investigate the clinical and molecular characteristics of metallo-beta-lactamase [MBL] positive P.aeruginosaisolates recovered from different hospitals belonging to Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Antibiotic susceptibility testing and phenotypic screening MBLs were performed on 122 P.aeruginosa isolates collected in the period from January 2011 till March 2012.PCR was used to search for MBL genes in imipenem-non-susceptible isolates.The resistant rate to imipenem was 39.34% [n=48].The resistance rates for clinical P. aeruginosa isolates to cefuroxime, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, aztreonam and piperacillin/tazobactam were 87.7%, 80.3%, 60.6%, 45.1%, and 25.4% respectively.Out of 48 imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, 67.8% were found to produce MBL upon phenotypic screening for MBLs. VIM-2 was detected in 85% of MBL producingP. aeruginosa.IMP-1 was detected in only oneMBL producingP.aeruginosa
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Pulmonary involvement is a common finding in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] also it is one of the most important systems that can be affected in Juvenile onset SLE [JOSLE]. Early detection and evaluation of the extent and severity of pulmonary involvement are quite critical for disease prognosis and patients management. To determine the frequency and type of pleuropulmonary involvement in JOSLE using pulmonary function tests [PFTs] and multidetector CT [MDCT]. Twenty five patients with JOSLE were evaluated for the detection of pleuropulmonary affection in them. The evaluation included clinical, functional and radiological examination using MDCT as a recent and accurate modality for chest imaging. Based on clinical evaluation, patients were divided into two groups; group A [No = 16] and group B [No = 9], consisting of those asymptomatic and symptomatic as regard pleuropulmonary symptoms, respectively. This study revealed that PFT abnormalities were detected in 60% of all studied JOSLE patients while MDCT abnormalities were detected in 52% of them. 37.5% of the asymptomatic patients had abnormal PFTs and 31.25% of them had abnormal findings on MDCT. There was statistically significant difference between patients groups regarding SLEDAI, percentages of abnormal PFTs, abnormalities in plain X-ray and MDCT. With the exception of forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of forced vital capacity [FEF[25-75%]], the study revealed statistically significant lower values of mean +/- SD of all measured PFTs in group B compared to group A. The most frequent MDCT findings in all studied patients were pleural effusion and pleural thickening in 16% of all findings, also ground glass opacities found in 16% of all abnormalities suggesting early interstitial lung disease. Clinical assessment and PFTs revealed a significant percentage of pleuropulmonary involvement in JOSLE patients. MDCT can be helpful in diagnosing the pulmonary involvement in asymptomatic JOSLE patients with normal chest X-ray and uncertain PFT
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Humans , Male , Female , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods , Signs and Symptoms, RespiratoryABSTRACT
Efficient management of a health system's drug supply is important because drugs have conventionally been a cornerstone for the management of many diseases and they continue to be an essential ingredient of many modern treatment algorithms. Systems [structures and processes] indicators were checked at two administrative levels: central and regional. Sudan regions [districts] were considered as strata. One state was randomly chosen in each region. Main methods for data collection were structured interviews; check lists, document reviews, stock record reviews, physical stock check and sample surveys, using a pre-piloted questionnaire. Key findings included: presence of structures such as: NDP [regularly updated], legislations, regulations and enforcement agencies. RDF is exempted from the "treasury cycle" at the state level. Staff trained. Procedures for managing drug supply and financial operations available. Drug selection is based on EDL. RDF main stores are complying with best practices for drug storage and management. Revenues from drug sales are not used to pay the salaries of public health personnel. Funds and logistics to all states allocated before starting the RDF. In contrast: a functioning DTC at the central and the state levels is absent. Essential medicines concept is not a part of the basic curricula in health training institutions at the state level. No reporting system for consumption data in health facilities. It is evident that RDF had been planned for to be a viable, efficient and sustainable program
Subject(s)
Financial Management , Health , Program Evaluation , Retrospective Studies , Federal Government , PharmacyABSTRACT
Foreign body aspiration is primarily a disease of children under 3 years of age. Diagnosis depends on history, physical examination and radiological findings. Considering the possible complications of bronchoscopy and the absence of frank history in many cases evaluation of such cases, using recent modalities of computed tomography may help to establish a diagnosis in suspected cases. The objective of this study was to determine the value of using volume rendering technique in diagnosis of suspected cases of foreign body aspiration. Fifty infants and children suspected to have foreign body aspiration were included in the study, clinical presentations, X-ray and 3 D volume rendering technique [VRT] CT findings and results of bronchoscopic examination for the presence of foreign body were recorded. The study included; 24 males and 26 females with mean age of 2.74[1.6] years. Duration before presentation ranged from 3 to 60 days. A definite history of chocking was obtained from 74% of cases. X-ray way positive in 76% of cases, while CT showed foreign body in 44 cases [88%] and 6 [12%] were diagnosed as pneumonia. On performing rigid bronchoscopy; one case was found to be false negative and one case found to be false positive; giving VRT technique sensitivity of 97.9% and specificity 85.7% Localized hyperinflation and bronchial obstruction were the most common positive CT findings. On Bronchoscopic removal; 74% of foreign bodies were organic. Evaluation of foreign body aspiration of the airway in children can be accomplished by using a 3D volume rendering technique, computed tomography. It may be useful both in showing the exact location of a foreign body before bronchoscopy and in ruling out a foreign body in patients with a low level of suspicion and normal or nonspecific findings on chest radiography
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Humans , Male , Female , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Bronchoscopy/methods , Child , Radiography, ThoracicABSTRACT
This present study aimed at studying different changes that could occur at the sclerotomy sites following pars plana vitrectomy by the use of ultrasound biomicroscopy. Ultrasound biomicroscopy [UBM] was used for examinations of slcerotomy sites in 60 eyes of 60 patients after pars plana vitrectomy. Different ultrasound biomicroscopic characteristics for these patients 8-10 weeks post operatively ranging from complete healing, gaping to fibrovascular proliferation. UBM is helpful in detecting complications at the sclerotomy sites after pars plana vitrectomy
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Humans , Male , Female , Microscopy, Acoustic/methods , Postoperative Complications , Wound Healing , Cell ProliferationABSTRACT
The Nitric Oxide [NO] is an essential regulatory molecule in vascular tone and integrity 2. previous studies has supported the role of NO in remodeling of axons arbors and acts as an activity dependent retrograde signal during the refinement of visual Connections 14, 4 and5. Recently, it was found that NO has been implicated in retinal pathogenesis of retinal vasculogenesis in development of retinal neovascularization [NV] in ischemic retinopathies 17, NADPH-diaphorase reaction reflects NOS activity in the retina and neural tissue 3, 17, 1, 2, 13, 6, 16, 20 and7. NADPH-diaphorase staining neurons, have been localized with neurons in the brain and peripheral tissue containing nitric oxide synthase, which generates NO. NADPH- diaphorase staining are localized in the pedunculopontine nucleus and colocalized in amacrine cells of the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cells of the retina. NADPH-diaphorase has been shown to be a reliable marker of nNOS activity in neuronal tissue 16 and1 NADPH-diaphorase reaction was, therefore used in this study for localizing the development of retinal vasculature as well as any related neuronal tissue
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This study has been carried on 22 patients with genuine stress incontinence, the patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and urodynamic studies of urethral pressure parameters before and after correction of the anatomical support loss, to evaluate these parameters. During follow up four weeks after operation, no subjective or objective findings could be detected in all patients. The postoperative functional urethral length was significantly changed, with definite improvement, while MUP, MUCP had insignificant increase after operation. However, the leak point pressure became higher postoperatively more than preoperatively. Also the pressure difference during stress was positive in 13 patients [59.1%] and negative in 9 patients [40.1%] while postoperative the pressure difference during stress was 100% positive in 22 patients It was concluded from the present study that the urodynamic studies are an essential part of the investigative sequence required to make an accurate diagnosis and allowed a more rational approach to treatment
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Obstetric Surgical Procedures , Urethral Stricture , Postoperative Complications , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
113 Egyptian infants and children aged between 6 days and 13 years were studied for the type and cause of cardiac arrhythmias they developed. Supraventricular arrhythmias were found in 38.9% of cases, conduction disorders in 51.3% and ventricular arrhythmias in 21.2% of cases. Supraventricular tachycardia was the commonest being found in 30.1% of patients followed by the first and second degree atrioventricular blocks which constituted 24.8% of all cases. About 36.3% of all arrhythmias were idiopathic and 55.8% of patients had abnormal hearts. The commonest cardiac lesions detected were congenital heart defects [31.9% of cases] and rheumatic carditis and rheumatic heart disease [10.6% of cases] followed by cardiomyopathy [7.1%] and myocarditis [6.2%]. Cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease appeared to be an important cause of cardiac arrhythmias being responsible for about 14.2% of arrhythmias in the patients